Medicinal Garden

Angelica archangelica¹

Target system: Respiratory System, Digestive system, Urinary System

Use: Used to relieve intestinal discomfort and flatulence, to induce sweating (diaphoretic), to reduce fever, and to help increase excretion (diuretic). The roots of this plant have been used internally for digestive problems, gastric ulcers, loss of appetite, migraines, bronchitis, chronic fatigue, and menstrual and obstetric complaints. It is known to induce menstruation. Externally, the leaves may be crushed and placed on the chest and lung area to help aid in bronchitis or other respiratory problems. The plant is also known as an 'Angel plant', used to help with nervous headaches.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- whole plant. The roots should be dug up during Autumn of the first year. The whole herb should be cut from the roots up during June, once the stem has thickened. These parts should be cut so as to dry in the sun. Once the leaves are dried, they can be crushed up and placed externally. The leaves can also be used in a poultice.

Agastache Foeniculum²

Target system: Immune System, Cardiac System, Respiratory System

Use: The leaves of this plant aid in reducing fever and premenstrual symptoms. An infusion of the leaves is used to treat colds, depression, and anxiety. A cold infusion is used to treat pains in the chest (such as when the lungs are sore from too much coughing). Extracts of the leaves have also been found to fight against the polio virus. A poultice of leaves and stems can be used to treat burns and the roots can be used as an aid to defend against cancer cells and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Other components of anise hyssop have antifungal and antibacterial properties. All components of the plant are known to have antioxidant and antifungal properties. Certain sections of the plant can be used to treat cardiac disorders. It may also aid in respiratory problems such as coughing and bronchitis.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Extracts of the leaves can be made into essential oils. These can be applied externally. Poultice of the leaves can also be made to be placed on the chest or lungs.

Colchium Autumnale³

Target system: Nervous System, Muscular System

Use: In smaller quantities, it is used to treat gout (gouty headaches and swellings of joints) and rheumatism arthritis, and can also be used as a sedative. It is a very strong muscle relaxer. It aides in excretions, but may also cause nausea and vomiting. The bulbs and seeds have also been used for neuropathic pain, tearing pain from the hips to lower limbs, and constipation. It has also been used for gonorrhea. WARNING: TOXIC

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bulbs/seeds. The bulbs of this plant and the seeds are dried and macerated. An acetic tincture is extracted and used in varying doses.

Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi⁴⁹

Target system: Reproductive System, Urinary System, Immune System

Use: Bearberry is known to have antibacterial properties, helping to treat and prevent urinary tract infections. It is shown to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, to increase urination to help with flushing toxins in the body, to treat kidney stones, to fight infection of the intestines, to alleviate chronic diarrhea, and to induce menstruation.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Leaves are dried or used an infusion: 1.5 to 4.0 g three times daily. Taken as infusions, teas, or powdered extracts.

Monarda Didyma⁴

Target system: Urinary System, Integumentary System

Use: This plant is mainly used as a stimulant. The leaves may also be used in producing excretions from the body (like an herbal diuretic), and may produce sweating, flatulence, and urination. However, the plant also reduces nausea and vomiting. Bee balm is also used to induce menstruation. Extracts of this plant can be applied topically on sprains, infections and other skin disorders. Caution should be warranted if a potent extract is left on the skin for too long. Boiling the herb in water and gargling this mixture can help with toothaches, sore throats, and mouth infections.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Leaves can be dried and used in tincture. A paste of the plant can also be made to be applied externally.

Actaea Racemosa⁵

Target system: Reproductive System, Muscular System

Use: Black cohosh was used as a common remedy for women that experienced painful menstruation symptoms and symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, insomnia, irritability). It has been used externally on the skin to improve complexion, warts, and acne, as well as applied onto swollen joints for arthritis. It was also used as a remedy for tinnitus.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots/rhizomes. They are dried up and smashed into a powder, taken in tablets or made into a tincture. WARNING: May cause liver damage, facial swelling, and gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea and indigestion.

Borago Officinalis⁶

Target system: Reproductive System, Respiratory System, Cardiac System, Immune System

Use: Borage is used to treat symptoms of menopause: hot flashes, hormonal imbalance, and menstrual problems. It is used to alleviate symptoms of colds, respiratory infections, and bronchitis. It has also been studied for its effects on diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and heart conditions. This plant is shown to have antioxidant properties as well.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- seeds. Extraction of borage seed oil is used.

Ajuga Reptans⁵⁰

Target system: Immune System, Circulatory System

Use: Bugleweed is used to reduce pain from bruises and small wounds. A tonic could help with a sore throat and oral ulcers. It is used to increase digestion, acting as a laxative. It helps reduce internal bleeding and acts to lower blood pressure. It may also be used to help treat jaundice, spleen and liver clotting, and to reduce hyperthyroidism.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts/shoots.

Arctium Lappa⁷

Target system: Circulatory System, Integumentary System

Use: Burdock root is very useful in the treatment of skin conditions. It is known to cleanse, tonify, or increase the energy of the body. When ingested, it has been used to treat acne, eczema, rosacea, and psoriasis by cleansing the circulatory system of toxins. It has also been helpful in aiding painful joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Some believe it to be useful in treating cancer when taken as a tea.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots. It may be dug up, dried, and used in teas. A tincture of the root can be made or the root can be chewed.

Nepeta Cataria¹⁰

Target system: Digestive System, Immune System, Nervous System, Muscular System

Use: In the digestive system, it is used to clear out bowels, help with diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, and stomach aches. The plant has been used to kill intestinal parasites and  worms. It increases urination and sweating and can reduce fevers. It is used as a cough suppressant and helps with the flu, colds, and bronchitis. Other uses include soothing muscle spasms, inducing menstruation, and increasing appetite. Due to it's sedative effects, it is used for relaxation, seizures, insomnia, headaches, migraines, and anxiety.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers/leaves. Dried leaves or the whole flowering top and leaf is used in teas, tinctures, decoctions, and essential oils.

Matricaria Recutita⁵¹

Target system: Immune System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Reproductive System, Circulatory System, Integumentary System

Use: Chamomile flowers are great for fighting inflammation, reducing rheumatic pain, and decreasing swelling or sciatica facial bloating caused by infections. The flowers help fight against fevers and has anticancer properties. When a tea of the flowers is gargled, it helps with sore throat, oral infections or sores, and inflammation of the gums or mucous membranes. Chamomile is said to help with anxiety, stress, insomnia, depression, and reduce mental agitation. It helps strengthen and shine the hair as well as the skin, working as a tonic. Chamomile is used as an antioxidant, treating wounds, blisters, and internal ulcers. It may also treat skin aberrations, eczema, bruises and burns. Chamomile has also been used to treat diaper rash, ear and eye infections, conjunctivitis, and blocked tear ducts. It treats digestive disorders, increases bowel movements, reduces flatulence, helps with anorexia, and treats nausea and vomiting. Women have historically used chamomile to induce menstruation and strengthen uterus lining while also helping with cramps, back pain and bed sores.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- whole plant. The flowers can be dried and used in tea. Flowers can be powdered or extracted in forms of distillation. The flower heads can be made into poultices. The whole plant can be made into commercial items: lotions, ointments, etc.

Juniperus Chinensis⁵⁵

Target system: Digestive System, Respiratory System, Immune System

Use: Chinese Juniper has been studied to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. It can treat arthritis, stomach discomforts, and digestive dysregulation. It may reduce diarrhea and abdominal disorders, treat kidney stones, help detoxify the blood, and increase urine output. Chinese Juniper has also been used as a sedative, and is known to help with respiratory discomforts, such as asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- fruits/leaves/roots/stems. Made into a tea, decoction, and extract.

Allium Schoenoprasum¹²

Target system: Integumentary System, Digestive System, Circulatory System

Use: Chives have anti-inflammatory properties that aid in wounds, sunburns, and sore throats. It is also known to detox blood, lower blood pressure and glucose levels, helping with diabetes and cholesterol, and improving digestion.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. Either eaten in culinary dishes, dried or fresh, or made in poultice. It can also be macerated and placed topically.

Symphytum Officinale¹⁴

Target system: Muscular System, Immune System

Use: This plant is used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is used on swollen joints, achey muscles, sites of arthritis, sprains, bruises, wounds, and contusions. Topical application of the plant can be used on back pain and other muscle pains. Some studies suggest that comfrey induces callus formation.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers/leaves/roots. The root can be dried and made into poultice, tinctures, or ointments.

Echinacea Purpurea¹⁵

Target system: Respiratory System, Immune System

Use: This plant is known to have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Purple coneflower is used to help with respiratory infections, especially those that are viral, cold and flu symptoms, bronchitis, and lung discomforts. It may also aid in treating depression and anxiety. Purple coneflower is known to possess cytotoxic properties, with some compounds that suggest protection against genetic mutations.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots. The root can be dried and ground into a powder.

Thymus Serpyllum⁵²

Target system: Immune System, Muscular System, Respiratory System, Integumentary System

Use: Thyme is an antiseptic and antibacterial agent. It is used for cleaning and disinfecting wounds, cuts, scrapes, insect bites/stings and aberrations. It cleanses the skin, kills bacteria causing acne, and improves oily skin, dermatitis, and sciatica. Creeping thyme works to kill parasites, intestinal worms, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and yeast infections. It has been studied for its effects in strengthening liver functions, increasing appetite, reducing inflammation, and treating rheumatoid arthritis. It fights infections of the respiratory system, including whooping cough, bronchial catarrh, bronchitis, and laryngitis.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. The leaves of the plant are used in cooking, infusions, and essential oils and tinctures.

Baptisia Australis¹⁷

Target system: Digestive System, Immune System, Respiratory System, Integumentary System

Use: False indigo has predominately been used for conditions of the digestive system. It can induce both vomiting but also stop vomiting depending on how the plant is prepared. It is used for constipation and stomach pain, and will induce sweating and urination. The plant has anti inflammatory properties that help in the respiratory tracts with bronchitis, sore throat and other respiratory infections. It will help reduce fevers. Placing a cold brew of the plant in the mouth can help reduce tooth aches and inflammation. Native Americans used the plant for tonsillitis, laryngitis, to help with oral injuries or wounds. The juice of the leaves are said to soften the skin and can be used on bruises, sprains, and external injuries. The juice has been less commonly used as a cleanser for swollen or inflamed eyes.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bark/leaves. The leaves can be used fresh or dried and the inner bark is also used. The leaves and bark can be made into a tea or juice.

Tanacetum Parthenium¹⁹

Target system: Immune System, Digestive System

Use: Feverfew is known to help with severe migraines and headaches. As the name implies, it helps reduce fevers, treats nausea and vomiting, and alleviates symptoms of a cold. It helps reduce inflammation and treat rheumatoid arthritis. It may also combat against cancer and reduce allergic reactions by inhibiting histamine release.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Feverfew is made into supplemental tablets or capsules, or taken as liquid extracts.

Digitalis Purpurea²¹

Target system: Cardiovascular System, Urinary System, Immune System, Integumentary System

Use: The foxglove plant has strong properties that work in the cardiovascular system. The plant helps to stabilize heart rhythms and produce stronger pulses. However, this could be very dangerous for anyone who does not require the help. The digoxin extract has been made into a drug for heart failure and other chronic heart disorders. The plant will also induce urination and stimulate bowel movements. This will lower blood pressure. It works as a tonic, cleansing the urinary and circulatory system and tonifying the kidneys. Other uses of the plant include treating external wounds, lesions and ulcers. Internally, it heals ulcers and helps with regulating blood sugar as well as having antioxidant properties. WARNING: TOXIC

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves/seeds. The leaves, dried or powdered, are used, as well as the ripe-dried seeds. However, only the fresh leaves of the 1-year old plant or the leaves of the 2nd year old plant should be used.

Allium Sativum²²

Target system: Immune System, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Cardiac System, Urinary System, Integumentary System, Digestive System

Use: Garlic is known to work throughout the entire body. It has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties that protect the body from all kinds of infections (strep throat, athletes foot, H.pylori, parasites, etc.) Eating garlic will help heal stomach ulcers, oral thrush, swollen joints, and a variety of systemic disorders. It works to strengthen the immune system. It helps to reduce fevers, fight colds, and decongest the body, and act as an antibiotic. Treats respiratory infections: tuberculosis, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic pulmonary diseases, etc. Consuming raw garlic can also reduce high blood pressure, regulate blood sugar and detox the blood of heavy metals. Garlic is also used to heal sexual impotence. It has an overall rejuvenating effect on all systems of the body.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- clove. The garlic cloves are eaten raw, cooked, dried and powdered, made into a tea, tincture or decoction.

Gentiana²³

Target system: Digestive System, Urinary System, Circulatory System

Use: Gentiana works to induce urination and regulate menstruation (over bleeding or non-existent periods). A unique preparation of this plant can cause abortion. It aids the digestive system and treats liver and spleen disorders. It will help with diarrhea heartburn, stomach ache, and infections in the intestines. This includes reducing inflammation of internal organs (hepatitis) and increasing their functionality. It strengthens the liver, detoxes the kidneys, and increases bile production from the gallbladder. It has been used to increase appetite and increase the absorption of nutrients in the blood and lessen fatigue. Historically, this plant was used as an antidote for snake bites, scorpion stings, and many venomous animals as well as treating malaria.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots. The root of this plant is used, macerated and combined with water. A concoction with other herbs or a honey paste can be made. Extracts are made into tea, capsules and other consumable products.

Solidago Odora²⁴

Target system: Respiratory System, Immune System, Urinary System

Use: This plant is used to treat respiratory disorders, infections, sore throats, etc. It is used to reduce fevers and It can treat toothaches and heal mouth sores. Placing the root topically on bruises, sprains, and insect stings can speed healing. Tinctures of the plant have been taken orally to help with bladder or kidney problems.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves/roots. The plant could be boiled in water and made into a syrup. Leaves chewed on and the roots can be made into paste, ointment or tinctures. Essential oils, infusions, and facial steams are made from the flowers. Made into tea.

Hydrastis Canadensis²⁵

Target system: Immune System, Respiratory System, Digestive System

Use: This plant is taken as a natural antibiotic. It is said to possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is used to strengthen the immune system and fight colds/flu. Used to help soothe sore throats, inflammation of the sinuses and treat respiratory ailments. Historically used to treat hay fever. Used to clean wounds, cuts and injuries from bacteria. It helps with digestive problems (stomach ache, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea). This plant has strong properties to fight urinary tract infections and infections of the eyes and infections in the mouth, typically infections in orifices of the body.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots. The root is dried and powdered into tablets/capsules. It can be made into tinctures and combined with other herbs.

Conium Maculatum⁵⁷

Target system: Nervous System, Digestive System, Respiratory System, Immune System

Use: Otherwise known as poison hemlock, this plant is very toxic to the neurological system. It will induce vomiting, paralysis, muscle spasm, irregular respiration, convulsions, coma and death. Conversely has been used an an antidote for poisoning with strychnine and other toxic substances. Used externally on breast tumors and to induce sedative qualities. Used before World War 1 for their antispasmodic properties to treat epileptic patients, whooping cough, severe stomach pains. Historically has been used to treat tumors. WARNING: TOXIC.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers/leaves/roots/seeds. TOXIC when taken internally but seeds can be dried and powdered and used externally. Juice of the leaf is used in combination with other herbs and roots can be prepared accordingly. Tinctures are made from the fresh flowering plant.

Veratrum Viride²⁶

Target system: Digestive System, Immune System, Cardiocirculatory system, Nervous System

Use: This plant is widely used to aide in immune discomforts : common cold, flu like symptoms, sore throat stomach pains, and to induce purging. This plant is also prepared to aide in snake bites, and treat venereal diseases, wounds, and bruises. Hypotension and bradycardia are also a result of excess usage of this plant. Used to Sedate.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots. The root can be chewed and the rhizome can be crushed and applied topically on bites. Tinctures and extracts are made from the rhizome as well as tea.

Juniperus Chinensis 'sargentii⁶²

Target system: Immune System, Urinary System, Integumentary System

Use: The berries are used as an antiseptic, cleansing wounds, cuts and scrapes. Acts to detox the body, increasing urination and treating bladder inflammation. Treats acne, eczema, cellulite, and skin abnormalities. Strengthens the immune system and helps reduce joint inflammation.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- berries. The ripe cones and berries are used to flavor liquor. The needles can be burned for incense.

Alchemilla Vulgaris²⁷

Target system: Reproductive System, Digestive System

Use: Uses mainly include antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral. Used for hypertension and relaxation of blood vessels. Thus helps with menstruation problems: pains, swelling, bloating, menopause symptoms. Will help strengthen the womb and help treat thrush, vaginal itching and irregular vaginal discharges. Used to help with infertility. A leaf decoction helps reduce diarrhea and protects liver. Can help ease sore throat, detox the body, and aide in digestive disorders. Used to help with acne and skin damages.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. The aerial part of this plant are made into tinctures, teas, and supplements. Known to be made into douches for cleansing.

Stachys Byzantina²⁸

Target system: Nervous System, Immune System

Use: Can be used as a sedative, ease headaches. Works as an antibacterial to heal wounds, scrapes, insect bites. Used for bladder stones. Historically used for gout.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Leaves are edible, crushed and applied topically or made into tea.

Lavandula spp²⁹

Target system: Nervous System, Immune System, Digestive System, Muscular System, Reproductive

Use: Lavender is a very soothing plant. It is used to treat depression, anxiety, and disorders of the nervous system, cognitive function and mood equalizer, headaches. Drinking a tea of lavender or inhaling the aroma of lavender helps regulate sleep. Antispasmodic, smooth muscle relaxer, alleviates pain from carpal syndrome, and varicose ulcers. Antimicrobial properties against fungi and bacteria; helps clean cuts, scrapes and insect bites, allergies, burns, bruises. Used in digestive upset such as stomach aches, increases digestion and bile flow. Has been used for kidney abnormalities and treats nausea and is a diuretic. Aphrodisiac properties.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers. Flowers of the plant are made into essential oils, applied topically, can be made into tea, made into tinctures from extracts. Made into many commercial products (soap, perfume, etc.)

Levisticum officinale³¹

Target system: Digestive system. Immune System, Respiratory System, Integumentary System, Reproductive System

Use: Lovage holds antibacterial properties, ands helps with flushing toxins from the body by increasing urine excretions. It helps fight against kidney stones, treats flatulence, strengthens the respiratory system, and treats skin damage, eczema, dermatitis, and acne. Lovage also aids in reproductive health.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- rhizome/roots.

Origanum Majorana³²

Target system: Nervous System, Circulatory System, Immune System, Reproductive System

Use: Marjoram is used to promote longevity and reduce agitation, grief, stress and anxiety. It works as a sedative to dilate vessels to reduce hypertension and improve circulation, and includes antispasmodic properties to relax muscles. Inhalation of the plant relieves migraines and headaches. Its antibacterial and antiviral properties help fight colds, the flu, and lung and chest infections. Marjoram treats digestive disorders to improve bowel movement and strengthen intestinal contractions. In the reproductive system, it helps to ease menstrual cramps and reduces sexual drive.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Essential oils of the leaves are made to apply topically on the chest for infections or made as aroma therapy for deep inhalation. Tea of the leaves also made.

Althaea Officinalis³³

Target system: Immune System, Digestive System, Respiratory System

Use: Marsh Mallow is useful to treat insect bites, stings and wounds and may be applied topically on eczema. When drunk as a tea, it can be used to treat dry skin. It is also used for heartburn, ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, and hiatus hernias. Marsh Mallow may also help with respiratory discomforts, dry coughs, and heaving. 

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- Leaves and the roots high mucilage. Roots can be powdered and made into paste to treat topical irritates. Leaves or roots should be soaked overnight and the water can be drunk.

Filipendula Ulmaria³⁴

Target system: Digestive System, Urinary System

Use: Meadow Sweet has antacid, astringent, and anti-inflammatory properties, but is mainly used for diuretic purposes. The plant will relax an overactive digestive system, making it useful for acid reflux, heartburn, hiatus hernias, indigestion, diverticulitis, flatulence, and summer diarrhea. It is also used for cleansing urinary abnormalities, treating fevers, and for joint pain involving arthritis and rheumatism.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. The plant is made into a tea.

pycnanthemum spp.³⁵

Target system: Nervous System, Respiratory System, Muscular System

Use: Mint works as a stimulant, increasing mental clarity and dilating respiratory canals. It also is used as an expectorant and detoxifier. Mint has antibacterial properties, making it useful for cleaning wounds, insect bites, abrasions of the skin, and swollen gums. It may also ease menstrual pains, muscular pains and pains with arthritis.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. The leaves are mostly made into teas, consumed, or cooked. Mint is made into a large variety of commercial items, including lotions, perfume, tinctures, essential oils and salves.

Papaver Orientale³⁶

Target system: Nervous system, respiratory system.

Use: Oriental Poppy is used as a mild sedative and muscle relaxer, which can help with insomnia, anxiety and stress. It also treats respiratory discomforts, throat infections, coughing and asthma.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers/seeds. The petals of the flowers are dried and made into tea.

Catharanthus Roseus³⁷

Target system: Immune System, Digestive System, Circulatory System

Use: Extract from the leaves are used as a laxative and a strong anti-diabetic agent. Periwinkle can be used for digestive disorders such as dyspepsia and stomach pains. In South America, it has been used to treat sore throats and laryngitis. Periwinkle has also been used as an eye wash to cleanse and disinfect the eyes. Drugs made with this plant include vincaleukoblastine, used for Hodgkin's Disease, and vincristine, used for childhood leukemia and breast cancer.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. Aqueous extracts from the leaves are prepared.

Pinus Strobus⁵⁸

Target system: Respiratory System, Immune System

Use: A poultice is used as an antiseptic for cuts, burns, boils and sores. Pine is beneficial for respiratory system and mucous membrane issues, such as colds, influenza, and tuberculosis. The plant promotes excretion of phlegm and is still used in commercial cough syrups. Pine is high in vitamin C and has been used to help scurvy sufferers.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bark/pine needles. Needles are placed in steam baths or used in inhalers. A poultice can be made by grinding up the bark.

Actaea erythrocarpa³⁸

Target system: Immune System, Reproductive System, Cardiovascular System

Use: Historically used by Native Americans to treat reproductive disorders, such as irregular menstruation and postpartum pains. It may also treat flu symptoms. However, it is toxic to the heart and can cause cardiac arrest. WARNING: TOXIC.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- roots.

Ilex Verticillata⁷⁴

Target system: Immune System, Digestive System

Use: Historically, Red Sprite Winterberry was used by Native Americans to treat digestive disorders, diarrhea and internal parasites. It has been said to help with liver disorders, used to ease fevers, and helpful against skin disorders. However, there is not enough scientific evidence to support these claims.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bark/leaves. The bark is steeped with water for tea and the leaves are crushed and used externally.

Betula Nigra⁶⁰

Target system: Urinary System, Immune System

Use: River Birch can be used to treat wounds and cholera infantum. It also aids in urinary pain ranging from difficulty urinating to bladder and kidney stones. An infusion of the bark can be used to help with 'milky' urine. Chewing its leaves helps with dysentery. A salve made from boiling the buds and adding sulphur can be put on wounds. Drinking a leaf tea can help treat intestinal worms or can be used as a mouthwash for sores. It also helps with inflammation due to arthritis.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bark/buds/leaves. Made into ointments, salves, and infusions.

Rosa Rugosa³⁹

Target system: Nervous System, Immune System, Digestive System, Urinary System, Integumentary System, Circulatory System, Reproductive System

Use: Rose Hips is rich in antioxidants, with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. Rose Hips have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and obesity. The plant strengthens the kidneys and treats kidneys disorders. It also helps with decreasing the concentration of toxins accumulated in the liver and increasing metabolism. Rose Hips are known to also treat diarrhea, peptic ulcers, bloating and nausea. Recent studies have shown extracts may help with memory loss in Alzheimer's patients, as well as reducing seizures in epileptic patients. It is used to treat skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, melanoma, acne, age-related wrinkles, and skin damage, and has been seen to increase skin moisture and health. This plant has protective, rejuvenating properties that promote longevity by increasing the production of red blood cells. In some historical contexts, it is used for reproductive disorders in women, treating irregular menstruation, balancing hormones, menopausal symptoms, and acute mastitis.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- buds/leaves. The bud of the plant can be dried and made into extracts or tinctures. The leaves have also been used medicinally.

Rosmarinus Officinalis⁴⁰

Target system: Integumentary System, Circulatory System, Nervous System, Digestive System

Use: Rosemary works as a stimulant to lift spirits while increasing circulation to the brain. This helps with cognitive function and memory, as well as helps with preventing hair loss, dandruff and improving hair health. When massaged onto the body, rosemary can help with alleviating aches and pains. The plant releases flatulence discomfort and helps with indigestion, gallstones, and liverish. It may also be used for depression, stress, or headaches. A tea of rosemary gargle can be used for alleviating sore throats.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. Rosemary with cider vinegar is used in hair. Rosemary tea is gargled or drunk. Extracts and essential oils are made out of the leaves and stem. The leaves are used in cooking and flavoring.

Ruta Graveolens⁴¹

Target system: Immune System, Digestive System, Nervous System, Respiratory System

Use: Rue is used for croup, colic, coughs and headaches. It works as an antidote for mushroom poisoning. Juices of the plant are given for bruising and restlessness. Rue alleviates strained ligaments, eye strains, migraines, rheumatism, and restlessness from sciatica. It helps with tooth infections, treats prolapsed rectums, reduces constipation, and treats bloody loose stools. It is also used to induce relaxation for sleep.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial parts. The juice of the entire plant is extracted before flowering. The leaves are the major medicinal part, but stems can be used as well.

Sassafras Albidum⁵⁹

Target system: Immune System

Use: Used to strengthen liver with the appropriate doses. The FDA had also found it in other doses to be dangerous for the liver. Used as a microbial to cleanse and sterilize wounds, cuts, scrapes. WARNING: TOXIC.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- Root bark/leaves. Oil of sassafras is very common. Ground leaves are used in cooking.

Salvia Officinalis⁴²

Target system: Digestion System, Nervous System, Reproductive System, Immune System, Respiratory System

Use: Properties include astringency, stimulatory, antiseptic, carminative, antispasmodic, and nervine. Helps with depression, anxiety and confusion especially in elders. Has also been used for indigestion, flatulence, loss of appetite and overproduction of mucus on the stomach. Helps with excessive sweating during day and night. Will strengthen lungs experiencing recurrent coughs. Will help with menopause symptoms and hot flashes, menstrual cramps and tender breasts pre-menstruation. Cold tea of sage will dry up breast milk. Used as a gargle and mouthwash for sore throats, laryngitis and tonsillitis, mouth ulcers, and inflamed or sensitive gums. Used to disinfect topical wounds. Known to be a strong antibacterial. Thought to increase longevity in elders. Can be used on bruises, swollen tissues and stings when the leaves are cooked with vinegar.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- aerial sections above the ground. Leaves can be cooked with vinegar and applied topically on wounds. Tea or mouthwash can be made from boiling the leaves or soaking them. Essential oils are made. Dried Sage leaves are burnt and the smoke inhaled or left in a room to induce antibacterial properties.

Amelanchier Canadensis⁷⁰

Target system: Digestive System

Use: The fruits used to treat stomach aches and liver problems Used to treat sore eyes and fatigue.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- fruit/leaves/stems. Berries are edible, raw or cooked. The whole plant can be dried and made into tea.

Hypericum Perforatum⁴³

Target system: Nervous System, Digestive System, Immune System, Integumentary System, Reproductive System, Circulatory System

Use: Strengthens the nervous system by healing nerve damage and treating pains associated with inflammation, sciatica, back pain and other spinal issues. Helps reduce insomnia, mild depression and headaches. Works as an analgesic to reduce pain of deep wounds, arthritis, and severe joint pain. Has antiviral properties to treat cold sores, viral infections, and shingles. As an anti inflammatory it is used topically to treat skin problems like rashes, eczema, burns, wounds, cuts, scrapes, and sores. Will increase mucous secretions to cleanse the nasal and respiratory canals. Treats colic, stomach ache, anemia, and jaundice. Treats uterine cramping and menstrual problems. Aides with carcinoma.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers/leaves. Made into essential oils, salves, and ointments.

Myrrhis Odorata⁴⁴

Target system: Digestive System, Immune System

Use: Antifungal property and antioxidative. The roots have been used to increase digestion and to detox the body. The leaves are eaten for those with anemia.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- fruits/seeds. green seeds can be eaten raw, used in liqueur flavoring. The root and the leaves are eaten or made into fusions. The fruit is not eaten.

Galium Odorata⁴⁵

Target system: Immune System, Digestive System, Circulatory System

Use: Helps with burns and healing wounds. Has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The leaves are made into a tea and used to treat digestive disorders. Used to increase urination and detoxify the liver. Reduces stomach spasms and used as a light sedative. The leaves are crushed and placed on wounds to induce clotting. When the leaves are dried, they repel insects.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- leaves. The leaves develop a "new-mown-hay" scent right before drying out and therefore should be picked a few hours before usage. The leaves are dried and made into tea.

Tanacetum Vulgare⁴⁶

Target system: Immune System, Reproductive System, Digestive System

Use: Known to have potent antioxidant effects which help heal wounds, cuts, scrapes, sores, and skin damage. Used to lighten skin as a toner. Helps with inflammation, rheumatism. Studied for its effects in repelling ticks, mites, and other insects. Strengthens the immune system by increasing the proliferation of white blood cells, reduces risks of tumors. Reduces fevers. In the digestive system, it has been used to cure intestinal worms and treat jaundice. For the reproductive system, women have historically used it to increase fertility, help with conception, and reduce chances of miscarriages. Adversely, it has also been used to induce abortion.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- flowers/leaves.

Veronica officinalis⁷²

Target system: Integumentary System

Use: Used for pectoral and nephritic complaints, hemorrhages, diseases of the skin and in the treatment of wounds. Modern herbalists still consider an infusion of the dried plant to be useful in coughs, catarrh, etc., and is a simple and effective remedy in skin diseases.

Preparation:

Salix nigra⁶¹

Target system: Circulatory System, Immune System

Use: Most commonly known for the discovery of aspirin. Has potent anti inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Used to treat common fever, pain and inflammation. Used to treat arthritis, swollen endocrine glands and inflammation in organs and inflammation of nerves. Alleviates blood clotting to treat hemorrhages and heart arrhythmias. Cleanses and disinfects wounds, cuts, abscesses, ulcers and skin damage. Historically used to ease childbirth pains and a prolapsed uterus. Anti Cancerous, protecting against colorectal cancer and a variety of cancerous cells.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bark. The bark of willow is made into aspirin, can be chewed on, boiled or made into tinctures. Can be powdered down and made into supplements.

Hamamelis Virginiana⁷³

Target system: Immune System, Circulatory System, Muscular System, Integumentary System

Use: Has potent antiseptic properties. Used to disinfect cuts, scrapes, and wounds. Used as a facial cleanser to improve skin complexion, sunburns, dryness, bruises, and rashes. Useful in aiding infection, soreness or inflamed eyes. Reduces inflammation. Helps clot excessive bleeding, while also reducing hemorrhoids. Used on varicose veins as it helps tone and tighten loose tissue. Witch Hazel water has minor antiviral properties and can be used on sores caused by herpes.

Preparation: Medicinal Parts- bark/leaf. The seeds are edible but the twigs of the flowering stems are the main medicinal component. Distillation of these twigs are first diluted before exposure to skin.