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1. A 24-year-old female living with HIV is interested in having children and is concerned about perinatal transmission. Her HIV viral load is currently undetectable by adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Is it possible for HIV mothers to breastfeed their babies, assuming the babies do not contract HIV during childbirth?

A. Yes, as long as the mother’s viral load is undetectable at <50 copies/mL
B. Yes, as long as the mother’s viral load is undetectable at <200 copies/mL
C. No, the baby can still contract HIV even if the mother’s viral load is undetectable at <200 copies/mL

2. Maria, a 29-year-old woman living with HIV has been on a stable ART regimen for the past two years. During her recent check-up, she reported experiencing significant nausea and fatigue from her medication. She is currently in her first trimester of pregnancy and is considering stopping her ART due to these side effects. What should be the primary course of action for Maria's healthcare provider to ensure both her health and the health of her unborn child?

A. Encourage Maria to discontinue her ART temporarily while she consults with a nutritionist to address her side effects, assuming that her HIV will remain under control during this period.
B. Assess and manage Maria's current side effects and explore alternative ART options or supportive treatments that can alleviate her symptoms, ensure continued viral suppression, and minimize risks to her pregnancy.
C. Reassure Maria that side effects are temporary and advise her to continue with the current ART regimen without making any changes, regardless of her concerns or symptoms.

3. Samantha, a 30-year-old woman, is newly diagnosed with HIV and is currently in her first trimester of pregnancy. She has not started any ART and refused to take any medication. A couple of weeks later, after listening to the pharmacist's consultation, Samantha is now concerned about choosing a regimen that will be both effective and safe for her and her unborn child. Which of the following ART regimens would be the most appropriate initial choice for Samantha based on current guidelines and safety considerations?

A. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + emtricitabine (FTC) + abacarvir
B. Abacavir + lamivudine
C. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine + dolutegravir

4. Emily, a 34-year-old woman living with HIV, is pregnant and is currently adherent to ART. During her recent check-up, her healthcare provider confirmed that her HIV viral load is undetectable. However, she is still worried about the possibility of HIV transmission to her baby during pregnancy phases and wants to understand the implications of her undetectable viral load for her baby’s health. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the risk of HIV transmission to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding?

A. With an undetectable viral load, Emily is at a high risk of transmitting HIV to the baby during her pregnancy phases because it’s hard to know if her condition is under control.
B. There is no risk of HIV transmission to the baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, provided that ART is consistently taken and the viral load remains undetectable.
C. Emily can transmit HIV to her baby during pregnancy, but the risk is low if her viral load remains undetectable throughout her pregnancy.

5. A 23-month-old boy living with HIV is starting a new regimen next month. The new regimen is an INSTI-based regimen with the anchor drug being dolutegravir plus FTC/TAF in FDC (Descovy). What verification(s) is/are required before filling this order?

A. Mother’s viral load is <50 copies/mL
B. Patient’s viral load is between 50 to 200 copies/mL
C. Weight + Route of administration

6. What is the key difference between opt-in and opt-out HIV screening?

A. Specificity
B. Stages of infection
C. The assumption of Consent-longest…can we just say “consent”?

7. A postpartum patient with HIV is in her 6-week follow-up visit. She is adhering well to her ART but expresses concern about her contraceptive options and the feeding of her newborn. Which of the following recommendations is the best course of action for her situation?

A. Recommend that she exclusively uses barrier methods for contraception to avoid any potential interaction with her ART.
B. Inform her that donor human milk is a safe option for her baby, provided it is obtained from a reputable milk bank and properly pasteurized.
C. Suggest that she avoid all forms of hormonal contraception due to potential drug interactions with her ART regimen.